How much “effort” should be devoted to memory?

How much should nurse consultants be paid?

There was no consensus on the issue of how much nurse consultants should be paid among the practitioners we spoke to at last week's UKCC roadshow. Some suggested starting salaries of around £25,000, and others said 'the sky's the limit'.

How Much Redistribution Should There Be?

How Much Should Highway Fuels Be Taxed?

This paper provides an updated assessment of economically efficient taxes on gasoline (used by light-duty vehicles) and diesel (used by heavy-duty trucks) to address various highway externalities in the United States. The (second-best) corrective fuel taxes are estimated, and we discuss the implications of fuel economy regulations and prospective (nationwide) controls on carbon emissions. We al...

How specific should immunological memory be?

Protection against infection hinges on a close interplay between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Depending on the type and context of a pathogen, the innate system instructs the adaptive immune system to induce an appropriate immune response. Here, we hypothesize that the adaptive immune system stores these instructions by changing from a naive to an appropriate memory ...

How Much Domain Data Should Be in Provenance Databases?

Provenance databases are an important asset in data analytics of large-scale scientific data. The data derivation path allows for identifying parameters, files and domain data values of interest. In scientific workflows, provenance data is automatically captured by workflow systems. However, the power of provenance data analyses depends on the expressiveness of domain-specific data along the pr...